The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) prioritizes the health and well-being of its students. As part of that commitment, understanding and addressing potential health concerns like tuberculosis (TB) is crucial. This comprehensive guide explores UTMB's approach to TB testing and prevention, answering common questions students may have.
My name is Dr. Evelyn Reed, and I've been a physician at UTMB for over 10 years, specializing in infectious disease. I've witnessed firsthand the importance of proactive TB management within a university setting. Let's delve into the details.
What is Tuberculosis (TB)?
Tuberculosis is a potentially serious infectious disease caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that typically affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, speaks, or sings. While many people infected with TB bacteria don't develop the disease (latent TB), others can develop active TB, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Active TB can cause symptoms such as a persistent cough (sometimes with blood), chest pain, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, fever, chills, and night sweats.
Who Needs TB Testing at UTMB?
UTMB follows guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) regarding TB testing. Generally, students in specific high-risk groups might require TB testing as part of their enrollment process or upon arrival. This often includes students from countries with high TB prevalence, those with a history of close contact with someone with active TB, or individuals with weakened immune systems.
What Type of TB Test Does UTMB Use?
UTMB typically employs the two-step Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST), also known as the PPD (purified protein derivative) test. This involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin under the skin. The test is read 48-72 hours later by a healthcare professional. A positive reaction doesn't automatically mean active TB, but it indicates exposure to the bacteria and warrants further testing, such as a chest X-ray and sometimes additional diagnostic procedures. In some cases, an Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test might be used as an alternative to the TST.
What Happens if My TB Test is Positive?
A positive TB test result doesn't automatically mean you have active TB. It simply suggests you've been exposed to the bacteria. UTMB healthcare professionals will conduct a thorough evaluation, including a chest X-ray and potentially additional tests, to determine whether you have latent TB infection (LTBI) or active TB disease. If LTBI is diagnosed, treatment is usually preventative medication to prevent it from progressing to active TB. If active TB is diagnosed, appropriate treatment will be initiated to cure the infection and prevent its spread.
How Can I Protect Myself From TB?
The best way to protect yourself from TB is to avoid close contact with individuals who have active TB. However, good hygiene practices—like covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze and frequent handwashing—are also important. Vaccination against TB is available in some parts of the world but not routinely recommended in the United States unless specific circumstances apply. Consult with a UTMB healthcare professional to discuss your individual risk factors and preventative measures.
What if I Have Questions About TB Testing at UTMB?
If you have concerns about TB testing or any other health-related questions while studying at UTMB, the Student Health Center is readily available to provide comprehensive support and guidance. Their staff is well-versed in addressing such health concerns, and they'll guide you through the necessary steps. Remember, proactive health management is key to a successful and healthy college experience. Don't hesitate to seek assistance. Your health is our priority.
